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Engineered Eruption: Palatal Ballista Spring Biomechanics

The authors review the growing body of evidence for the release of micro- and nanoplastics from common orthodontic polymers—including clear aligners, composite attachments, and removable appliances—and offer practical, clinically actionable strategies for minimizing patient exposure during treatment.

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DR. YEN TRAN DSc, GDip

DR. YEN TRAN DSc, GDip

DR. HAIZAL MOHD HUSSAINI BDS, MDentSci, PhD, FDS RCS

DR. HAIZAL MOHD HUSSAINI BDS, MDentSci, PhD, FDS RCS

DR. AZAM ALI MSc, PhD

DR. AZAM ALI MSc, PhD

DR. MAURO FARELLA DDS, PhD

DR. MAURO FARELLA DDS, PhD

DR. ADITH VENUGOPAL BDS, MS, PhD, FDS RCS

DR. ADITH VENUGOPAL BDS, MS, PhD, FDS RCS

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