Like any other health-care discipline, orthodontics has its share of complications. In a busy practice, it is rare for a day to go by when the orthodontist does not see issues ranging from gingivitis secondary to poor oral hygiene to failure of treatment progress due to poor cooperation to more serious situations such as generalized root resorption. Complications secondary to trauma during treatment also arise on a regular basis, including soft-tissue irritations or abrasions resulting from mucosa rubbing on brackets, auxiliary hooks, or exposed distal ends of archwires.... 

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